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Tactical Roles control the manner in which individual players approach the game and contribute to the effectiveness of their team's tactics. Tactical roles are assigned on the Player tab of the tactics screen. This screen can also be reached by clicking on the tactical role box of the lines screen.
Fit Score
Assigning suitable tactical roles to your players is very important. Each player is assigned a numerical rating from 1-20 in every role he is eligible to play. The higher the numbers (they go up to 5), the better he is at performing that tactical role. Players are only assigned one tactical role; this guides their play in all situations.
Game Rating Effects
The tactical roles have a very large influence on how the Game Rating (GR) scores are calculated, particularly the Offensive and Defensive sub-ratings. Successes and failures in ways that are particularly important to the role are rewarded or penalized in larger amounts, while things that are less important affect the score to a lesser degree. For example, consider a player who loses a fight but gets an assist in a game. If the player had an Enforcer role, his GR would suffer significantly because of the fight loss, and only be rewarded modestly for the assist (he's out there to fight, not create offense; while that's a nice bonus, it's not his primary job.) However, if he had the Setup Man role, the penalty for losing the fight wouldn't be as large, and the bonus for the assist would be larger (winning fights isn't essential to his role, but setting up goals is, and he succeeded at that.) Remember, the GR scores are an indication of how well the player is performing the job he has been assigned - not just a simple measure of overall performance.
Tactical Role Attribute Effects
Individual Tactical Roles will modify the ratings of the player slightly to reflect what he's been told to focus on. The descriptions of the roles will give you an idea of what exactly will be changed; for example, a player with the Punishing Defenceman role will have his Hitting attribute increased so he hits more often and with greater success. However, there are also ratings penalties applied in equal measure - that big-hitting defenceman will lose some of his Positioning ability, as he'll tend to get out of position while looking to make a big hit.
Special Effects
In addition to the attribute changes mentioned above, some tactical roles have additional special effects while they're on the ice, changing the attributes of opposing players or teammates:
Goons and Enforcers will reduce opponent's bravery, unless countered by presence of the opponent's goons and/or enforcers.
Agitators will lower the Temperament attribute of opponents, leading them to take more penalties.
Crease-clearing Defencemen will lower the screening abilities of opposing forwards.
Shadows will reduce the ability of the opposing line's best player to get into scoring position and make plays.